Find Me product Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Find Me product - Assignment Example Here you can spend a lot of energy on the nerves of the fact that you have spent a lot of time searching and have not found yet. So, you want quickly and without stress to find lost things. So you want quickly and without straining to find lost things. Perfect for you would be a situation where at any given time you can find out the location of valuable things for you. And it would be good to use for this purpose a minimum of resources. Probably, your life would be easier if these wishes were carried out. Time and nerves you spend to search for another loss would not be stolen from your urgent sessions. In the morning you can without unnecessary upheaval for you to find everything you need (even socks), to have a quiet breakfast and go to work. If your pet has run away again somewhere in an unknown direction, you would not have to anxiously look for it at the vicinity of your home. And the solution that will facilitate your life really does exist. Based on GPS technology, there was developed a new device Find Me. Attach it to the important things for you, always be able to keep track of its location. The design of the device is primarily aimed at convenience and safety when using it. It easily attaches securely to any surface and can be easily removed. Because of its tiny and minimalist appearance it will not hinder you to use those things to which it is attached. After a phone call we can get distracted and forget where we put the phone. And when we need it again, we wonder where it could be put. Great, when we have the opportunity to call our phone to find the loss by the ring sound. But if our phone on silent or if the battery is low, we do not find the phone by the sound. In this case, we can come to the aid of Find Me. Location phone attached thereto Find Me can be found by any of the device with a built-in

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example Alibaba.com works in a simplistic environment. The buyer logs onto the website and creates an account. They can either post buying leads or go to each company directly. The site offers a way for them to search for what they want by country. If a buying lead is posted then potential sellers will email the buyer through alibaba.com. They can even contact them by phone if the buyer allows it. Once potential suppliers are identified an order can be placed and alibaba.com can be used for transactions via escrow. Escrow means that alibaba.com holds the money until the buyer has received their order in good condition. The buyer lets alibaba.com know and they release the money to the supplier. Some transactions can also occur outside of alibaba.com and this is where the potential for fraud comes in. A buyer could be sending money to someone who has no intentions of selling them any products. Some even develop false websites just to make themselves seem legitimate. This site makes it easier t o find suppliers who are in other countries and it helps companies find new markets to sell in thereby keeping them in business.

Development of an Operational Plan

Development of an Operational Plan BSBMGT517 THEORY Performance Criteria: Research, analyse and document resource requirements and develop an operational plan in consultation with relevant personnel, colleagues and specialist resource managers. Activity 1.1.1 What strategies can an organisation use to research, analyse and document resource requirements for the development of an operational plan? For the development of an operational plan, an organisation needs to be able to research, analyse and document the resources on the following points The duration of the project; when it will start and the aim of completion. This should include current and upcoming desired and clear goals. Timeframes should be set at the start with clear plans about the project. Financial resources; how much fund is currently available to sustain the project and any risk that may occur in the funding needs to be identified prior. It is important to be able to convince investors and suppliers about the plan and the resources needed to help achieve a profitable completion of the project. Human resource and other capacity requirements; evaluate the labour and the skills needed and available that are important to complete the project. It is important to consider where the human resources will come from and how many staff are required. This should include maintenance and servicing resources such as customer service. Identify the risk and evaluate mitigation strategy; what are these strategies and how to overcome if they were to arise. For instance, if there is a gap in resources, there need to be a plan to fill in the gap. So, all risks are evaluated and plans are devised to be prepared and also to minimise the occurrences of these risks. The ability to measure the performance to monitor improvements need to be available. Performance Criteria: Develop and/or implement consultation processes as an integral part of the operational planning process Activity 1.2.1 What strategies do you or could you use to consult with team members and other stakeholders to gain and utilise their input when planning a project? There are several ways available to consult with team members about their input on a project. Emails and intranet may be used as a quality assurance and a way to improve the process. It is also an efficient way to get the same message across the whole group, especially in big organisations. On the other hand, it is an approachable system to welcome any opportunities for the staff to respond and provide feedbacks. This will contribute to the planning process and goals. Also, newsletters may be used to provide the staff about the important information about the plan with open opportunities to revert back with feedbacks. Furthermore, the use of surveys, questionnaires and information sessions may help to encourage staff to respond by providing specific feedbacks about the project. Quantitative and qualitative data are gathered for the operational plan of the project. In addition, there can be meetings; formal or informal. While informal meetings can be held anytime and anywhere, formal meetings require a safe and controlled environment. Both ways aim to gather feedbacks. Another different way to consult teams members are through interviews. Structured interviews may help the management to get the feedbacks needed in regards to specific aspects of the operational plan. These are done through specific questions. A more open way to gather such feedbacks and information is through brainstorming sessions whereby new ideas and solutions are generated. These are analysed to further determine its importance. To make these sessions fruitful, it is important to always welcome and recognise the effort of all participants for bringing their input and feedbacks to the organisation. This is in order to encourage more   open participation. Performance Criteria: Ensure the operational plan includes key performance indicators to measure organisational performance Activity 1.3.1 Key performance indicators act as benchmarks against which organisational goals and performance can be measured. List several areas of a project which might have key performance indicators reflected in an operational plan? Key performance indications may be used in an operational project to build goals. Setting a realistic aim will not only help staff to work towards it but it can also be used to reflect the profit of the organisation with quantitative targets.  Ã‚   Areas of a project where key performance indicators are reflected are Targets; sales and services will all work towards reaching the target Measurement of the growth in the organisation; this can be through sales or profit Objectives to help improve the system Initiatives for growth and increase performance. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement contingency plans for the operational plan Activity 1.4.1 Contingency plans deal with unexpected events and/or occurrences, and/or when things go wrong.List several areas where contingency planning would be typical? Areas where contingency planning is important are: Outsourcing human resources/ labour to cut down the cost used mutil function or skills. Contracting out then help to get a person with special knowledge and skills to bring their input at a lower cost and some organisations may even look into this strategy when an internal department has ceased functioning. Diversification of outcomes may help towards an achievable and profitable end result when many departments help to contribute towards the final result. Since the target is spread over a larger area, increase productivity from human resources help to contribute towards a bigger outcome. Cheaper and lower quality products help to moderate the budget. Globalisation helps towards competition and cost effective strategies and therefore more profit. Increasing sales or productions will increase profit. It is important to cater needs and resources towards the customer service department providing adequate training programs. By reinforcing their skills, it will help to reach key performance indicators. Recycling and re-using is a strategy to raise the organisational social responsibility towards the environment. Many customers are more inclined to buy consciously to protect the environment from these organisations. Rental and hiring alternatives are better ways to get hold of cheap resources than buying them. Negotiation helps to save on cost on the procurement of these resources needed. Restructuring of organisation to reduce labour costs is necessary at time to reduce expenses. Sometimes, some organisations will downsize in the aim of focusing on profitable departments only. Other departments that do not sell as their service or products, are not in high demands anymore, will cease to operate. Risk identification, assessment and management processes. Unfortunately, a rise in injuries due to hazards and risks put financial stress on organisations. So in order to minimise the risks of this happening, risk assessments are performed to reduce the occurrences of injuries. Sometimes, feedbacks from staff help to work out better strategies to manage injuries and also raise awareness of the importance of staying safe. Seeking further funding is important especially when the budget available is not adequate to reach the targeted goal. Strategies for reducing costs, wastage, stock of consumable can be done by using another supplier with lower costs that is able to produce at a cheaper rate Succession planning is important to identity good potentials within the organisation who are able to fill in important roles. Performance Criteria: Ensure the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements is supported by a variety of information sources and seek specialist advice as required Activity 1.5.1 Provide several examples of the type of information sources and or specialist that may be used or accessed in the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements within your organisation or area of activity? Raising funds is very significant to help achieve the goal of the operational plan. Raising funds help to obtain resources such as human resources/labour, capital resources and financial resources. If more funds is needed, the organisation needs to work on further strategies to obtain such by influencing senior management and skateholders to invest in order to supply these resources and in turn, get a profitable return. Developing a business proposal is a strategic plan and needs to be appealing enough to stakeholders so they can invest in it. They need to believe in its success, hence, devising a proposal is important to demonstrate the potentials behind the project. A business proposal needs to be convincing and needs to primarily cater the needs of the stakeholders investing in it, at a higher benefit for the latter. Identifying strategic goals such as marketing strategy helps to increase the organisations market share, therefore promoting the productivity of the organisation. Human resource strategy can be used to improve staffing experiences and skills. Management strategy, through emotional intelligence, also contributes towards productivity. Similarly, technological strategy helps to improve production line. Specialist advice can come from many informative sources such as managers, marketing specialist, financial consultants, accountants, suppliers, internal and external customers and the sales team. Customers feedbacks are also important to cater better needs and improve on the product efficiency. Presentation is the key to selling a business operational plan. The use of graphs helps to visually demonstrate costs, contingency plans and risk management plans and strategies to fund the plan. The more the organisations goals and benefits are reiterated and are made believable, the more comfortable the stakeholders will feel about investing in it. Performance Criteria: Obtain approval for the plan from relevant parties and explain the plan to relevant work teams Activity 1.6.1 From whom within your organisation or area of activity would you need to gain agreement and or endorsement for the approval of the operational plan, and once approved how would this information be provided to work teams and other stakeholders? An operational plan needs to be presented to the executives of the hospital, the director of nursing and the Chief executive officer for approval. It is usually via a systematic approach where justification is provided for the required funding. Each ward managers get to present their ideas and plans and relevant funding is then distributed according to their priorities. The decision is mostly based on the values and missions of the hospital. For instance, if funding is required to improve something important on the ward that has direct impact on the safety of the customers, it is more likely to be granted. Any ideas that will help to improve the risk management strategies will be taken seriously. Henceforth, it is important for managers to present their case in such a way that their operational plan is considered in accordance with the hospitals goals. Generally, once approved, the information is then passed on to the staff in the form of informal meetings, generally held every Thursday and also by email, so that the same information is delivered to every employee of the department. Flyers and newsletters are also posted on the common notice boards so everyone gets acquainted with the approval of the operational plan. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement strategies to ensure that employees are recruited and/or inducted within the organisations human resources management policies, practices and procedures Activity 2.1.1 What strategies could you use to ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities as well as the requirements of the operational plan? Firstly, the team member gets to be acquainted to the roles needed prior to applying for it. Jobs and roles are advertised with specified skills needed and the employee gets to apply in relation of the demands and skills they can offer to the organisation. A resume is sent to the organisation and a selection process is undertaken in the form of an interview. This first step through applying and being recruited give the team members a clear perception about their roles and the responsibilities that are expected from them. The second step whereby the team members get acquainted to their roles is through an acceptance offer, a contract. Through a contract, the employer, through the Human Resource department, get to elaborate in writing about the roles and responsibilities of the employee. This contract is dully signed and returned to the Human Resource department as an agreement and acceptance of the roles and responsibilities required. The contract or acceptance letter has descriptive information: The dynamics of the workplace The role description in accordance to the mission and the values The collective agreement under the fair work act The hours or work, the flexibility of work and the remuneration The position description and title The allowances The superannuation The leave entitlements The period of probation/ engagement The commitment to performance review The policies and procedures The employee conduct; professional behaviour and attitude Variation to the terms of employment Confidentiality of the workplace The property of the employer The third step whereby the employee gets acquainted to the expected roles and responsibilities is through an induction of the workplace. An orientation or supernumerary time allows them to understand the dynamics of their department and the goal of the operational plan. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement strategies to ensure that physical resources and services are acquired in accordance with the organisations policies, practices and procedures Activity 2.2.1 Provide several examples of the type of strategies which might be required to ensure specific resource needs policies, procedures and practices? Strategies are in place to ensure physical resources and services are gained in accordance with the organisations policies, practices and procedures. These are: Supplier relationship; a good framework to strengthen important relationships. Being able to understand, analyse and focus on suppliers relationships help to be productive, efficient and compete in the market. It is important to identify how the supplier has an impact on monetary outcomes. Points to be considered are; what the suppliers are looking in the relationship, the way the supplier is used by the organisation and how it affects the organisations relationships with other suppliers. Purchasing; the supplier is the expert on the product and hence knowledge can be used from them for decision making processes and increasing performance. Choices are between purchasing internally or externally. Transport; cost effective strategies to save on storing, delivering and suppling the goods. The operations strategies can be sought from the supplier to handle and improve key relationships Networking; available contacts and resources that can be relied on to either get information or improve productivity. Relationship costs; surviving the impact of globalisation. It is important to minimise the procurement costs such as transport and customer service. The relationship benefits; what the organisation needs, the cost it incurs for these needs e.g. equipments, labour and cost of the products and services determine the benefits for the organisation. Obviously, a low operational, production and administration cost is more favorable and incurs less expenses. Revenue is then higher and can in return meet the demands of the customers. Clear communication; clear and concise. This helps to make sure the supplier and the organisation both knows what is expected and they can both work towards the same goal. Honesty; a reliable team. This favours good managerial relationship and each party is then accountable to fulfill their duties and promises, in turn enhancing the relationship. Practices and procedures are also taken into account in order to incorporate The culture of the organisation The guidelines of the organisation which determines operational functions such as human and physical resources Operating procedures and policies Undocumented practices in line with the operations Clear purchase orders to prove reliability and efficiency. Performance Criteria: Recognise and incorporate requirements for intellectual property rights and responsibilities in recruitment and acquisition of resources and services Activity 2.3.1 Requirements and responsibilities for intellectual property rights is an important part of the business environment, an organisations are wise to take steps to protect their own intellectual property, and also to honour the intellectual property rights of organisations from whom they have acquired relevant resources. When acquiring resources and services, it is important to acquaint to the intellectual propertys rights and responsibilities. Non-compliance to the later may result in legal consequences. For instance, material obtained from the internet may involve serious copyright issues. These unlawful accesses involve breaching the intellectual property of the involved organisation. Intellectual property is usually protected by many policies, procedures to reinforce the rights of acquisition. Policies, procedures and information include licensing agreements, information to ensure copyright protection, licensing agreements, procedures to register intellectual property rights or assets. Many organisations have policy in place to govern and manage ownership of intellectual property in an effective, efficient and ethical manner. These policies may include an explanation of any terminology relating to the property, mention of the relevant legislation, the types of intellectual property, disclosure of the property, information about marketing, commercialisation or licensing of the intellectual property and information if infringement happens. Another way of protecting intellectual properties is by licensing agreements for instance, a licensing document. These are devised to allow the owner to agree to terms and conditions and the other party to comply with the agreement. The ownership is thus maintained and it is beneficial for both parties. A license can cover product development, the manufacture, the marketing and the sales. Another form of licensing is franchising whereby distribution of goods and services occur with agreed terms between the owner of the intellectual property and the party paying to access the rights over the intellectual properties. Copyright is another way of protecting intellectual property to maintain the initial creativity of an idea or concept, be it on paper or electronically. A copyright notice clarifies the ownership of the intellectual property restricting its reproduction without permission. Trade marks can also be used to protect intellectual property. Prior to applying for registrations, online database needs to be scrutinised to make sure there is no similar product. Once cleared, the trade mark is then published in the Official Journal of Trade Marks whereby opponents may dispute its originality. If no oppositions are made, the application will go forward. There are several ways to register intellectual property assets. For instance, designs can be registered through the Australia Official Journal of Designs, Patents through the Australian Official Journal of Patents; Trademarks through the Australian Official Journal of Trademarks and Plant breeders through the Official Journal of plant breeders rights. Performance Criteria: Develop, monitor and review performance systems and processes to assess progress in achieving profit and productivity plans and targets Activity 3.1.1 How can you monitor and review the outcomes and achievements of operational plan against intended benchmarks and KPIs? There are several ways of monitoring and reviewing the outcomes and achievements of operational plans against benchmarks and KPIs. These are Quality assessment; gathering collective data to measure and analyse performance such as   observing service delivery, focusing on client method, auditing individual records, reviewing the data from an information system, testing a group, health worker interview, patient interview. Devising a quality monitoring system; data and design monitoring tools. This is in order to see the trend in indicators and monitor progress. Data are also used to identify any problems in the system that may be the result of poor performance. Three ways data are used; placing them in tabs, analysing them and interpreting them. This is later used in managerial decisions. External evaluation; process by which an external body provide feedback about an organisation performance. This can be done via an audit of in health care; accreditation. Certification is then required to acknowledge the competence and legal requirements of a group or organisation. Performance appraisals; a way for the management and HR department to provide feedbacks about the performance of their employee. This is instantaneously undertaken whereby the real time reports are given to employee about their performance. Managers are able to assess if their employees have been competent in undertaking tasks or organisational requirements. This is a systematic approach to evaluate the standard of an employee and also help to determine any increase in pay or promotions. It also helps to identify professional developments needs and set future goals to work towards better productivity. Process appraisal; a way to assess the functional and operational resources. This is to identify the equipment that are failing or need improvements, the tasks that are time consuming and the risk and hazards of the workplace. For quality improvement and to enhance productivity, these resources are maintained on a regular basis to make sure it wont slow down the line of productivity. Cost and variations in the process of maintenance is also evaluated to assess how these factors   are significant in order to   achieve quality improvement. Performance Criteria: Analyse and interpret budget and actual financial information to monitor and review profit and productivity performance Activity 3.2.1 What role do you or would you play in the development of a budget for an operational your organisation or area of activity, and who has final approval of this budget? Once the budget is approved, it is important to keep all the financial decisions and information involved such as the: Budget; all the expenses incurred The ratio analysis The forecast about the future expenses The cash flow statements The profit and loss statement The balance sheets of crediting and debiting cash The investments and liability reports. There are several factors that may affect the budget and so, it is important to keep a record of these factors and variations such as the changes to legislative requirements and innovations. To be financially aware will help guard any unforeseen circumstances. Financial reports help to justify profit or loss statement that will show the trend in productivity or fraudulent transactions. Performance Criteria: Identify areas of under-performance, recommend solutions and take prompt action to rectify the situation Activity 3.3.1 What strategies could you use to ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities and to address under-performance issues? To ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities, it is often useful to methodically raise questions that will help them to evaluate possible issues and devise solutions themselves. This is done by action learning. It helps a team to conduct a project with continuous improvements, assistance where needed and ongoing feedbacks.   The team will have a definition of the actual issue and appropriate awareness and solutions. This helps to understand organisational change and understand throughout a work group culture. It brings along new ideas and skills beneficial for the organisation. The team develops values such as openness, trust, collaboration, team spirit and cultural diversity and respect. Action learning highlights that mistakes do occur and helps the team to tolerate and action them. Likewise, action learning can be used to identify under-performance issues. An effective and quick strategy is to make sure that any changes do not deviate from the actual operational and strategic plan. Action learning helps to identify and recognise these changes with appropriate solutions. However, problems do not always arise from the process. There are many external factors that may interrupt the dynamics of action learning such as attitude, conflicted understanding or another group with performance issues. Performance Criteria: Plan and implement systems to ensure that mentoring and coaching are provided to support individuals and teams to effectively, economically and safely use resources Activity 3.4.1 What strategies do you or could you use to implement systems which ensure that mentoring and coaching are provided to team members in a safe, productive and economical manner? External parties to coach staff may be time consuming and expensive. Sometimes, it is best to allocate a mentor in order to save on cost and time. The mentor may need to perform a skill gap analysis to spot any gaps in performance, devise and demonstrate the desired expectations of performance to meet goals and eliminate any gaps. In order to be productive, mentors need to focus on their team and support each individuals growth. The manager needs to also identify whether the problem comes from the unawareness of the team regarding the goals or whether it is from a specific individual performance. If the issue comes from performance, coaches should be used to teach the group. On the other hand, if the issue is from a behavioural standard such as lack of confidence, then a mentor must be allocated to cater the specific individual need to improve his performance. This is safe and productive as mentors have specific targets to improve the success and performance of an individual and coac hes deliver skills to tackle tasks, challenges and works expectations. Both coaches and mentors are usually selected from members within the organisation. This is because they already understand the dynamics of the workplace and have the skills required to change performance challenges. It is important for both mentors and coaches to provide ongoing feedback and support the staff members. Coaches are normally leaders that need to use their authority to make sure all workers comply with the expected standard of performance. Their coaching is rather task related and will expect the individual to perform at the required level to improve their knowledge, skills and abilities to perform a task. Performance Criteria: Negotiate recommendations for variations to operational plans and gain approval from designated persons/groups Activity 3.5.1 From what stakeholders within your organisation or area of activity would you need to gain agreement and or endorsement from for variations to operational plans? Prior to gaining agreement or endorsement for operational plans, it is important to consult the following team for approval The policy and procedure committee depending on its relevance Standards committee in association with the topic that is involved The workplace healthy and safety manager and advisor to maintain a safe environment while undertaking these variations in the operational plan The board of executives for approval: CEO, coordinators, director of nursing and managers The staff of the designated department to make sure the operational plans is well understood prior to commencement Performance Criteria: Develop and implement systems to ensure that procedures and records associated with documenting performance are managed in accordance with organisational requirements Activity 3.6.1 What sort of records an information are required for the operational plan for your organisation or area of activity? Documentation is the main form of records in our organisation. In the healthcare industry, it is important to maintain ongoing documentation. This applies in the human resource sector, the billing sector, the booking sector, the nursing department and others. Records of the improvement processes help to measure performance and also innovation. Documentation such as operational plans, strategic goals, contingency plans, job advertisement, quality improvements, staff appraisals, leaves approval and the care of patients are highly recommended. For every step, there are specific forms designated to assist the organisation in keep records. Once completed with the approval, these forms are kept as per the policy of the organisation and filed away. For instance, any medical records go through a system of scanning and software storage for an indefinite period. This is safe with an optimum level of security   which is electronically verified.   Future generations can access these document s anytime and some data may be important not only for improvements but raising awareness of previous mistakes, so history doesnt get repeated.

Digital Art and its Market :: Technology Essays

Digital Art and its Market missing works cited The future of digital art promises many new alternatives to traditional artwork. Digital art offers a whole new perspective on the way people see and perceive art. For this reason, people across the globe have varying opinions on whether or not digital art should be accepted into society. This technological based art allows people to express themselves through art created using a computer. People who can’t draw traditionally can turn to digital art as a way to convey their inner thoughts and feelings. Likewise, more advanced artist can sell their extremely realistic pieces from hundreds to thousands of dollars each. New and exciting advances are coming about when it comes to displaying digital art, and this may strengthen its market it the long run. Digital art although extremely controversial, provides a new way of expression and allows for a whole new market to evolve. The value of digital art pieces is steadily increasing throughout the years. In 1998 the value of the digital fine art prints reached over 170 million dollars, and by 2003 the number was predicting to be at 249 million (Williams). This figure is only based on work produced by artists, and there are many at amateur levels creating art at home. This is a huge amount of money that is being invested into this new form of art. Digital art is still at its early years, and like a young child it still will mature more and more. Digital Art still remains experimental too in many ways. It’s taught in art schools, but no one really has a firm grasp of what it actually is (qtd. in Jesdanun). As long as technology plays a stronger role in our lives, artists will continue to use it to help them come up with new ideas for their artwork. Golan Levin, a man who works artistically with computers often says that â€Å"The computer is just as much a medium of art,† contrary to those who believe the computer is not. It may not be panting, carving or sculpting the old-fashioned way, but it takes just as much knowledge and intelligence to be able to work with the computer to create a finished product. Artists have been exploring digital art since the 1960s, but only in the past few years has it become widely practical because of better technology and prices (qtd.

Graphic Design

Visual communication is the transformation of thoughts and ideas into pictures, photos, graphs and drawings. It is considered as the most interesting and fascinating form of communication because of the creativity it contains and the vision it requires. According to Wikipedia, visual communication is most commonly used daily when surfing the internet because a person uses his eyes to view the websites therefore the content of the website should be clear and understandable for the viewer’s eyes. It is usually practiced by using the means of graphic design in order to put across their ideas into pictures or real life projects. This paper will talk about Graphic design, Graphic Designers, the steps a person needs to take to become a graphic designer, all the different fields in graphic design and the way the United Arab Emirates supports its students and future designers. Graphic designers are needed in all types of corporations including commercial and entertainment businesses. In accordance to Wikipedia, â€Å"graphic design is the process of communicating visually using text and images to present information. In contrast to what people might think, graphic design â€Å"often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated. † In order for a person to choose graphic design as a career path , that person should be exceptionally creative and artistic, capable of working under pressure to meet de adlines, and has the ability to communicate well with others because his job description will oblige him to correspond with clients frequently and execute their requirements and desires in his/her work. In reference to newsbytes, a graphic designer should be well aware of the functionality of his/her design rather than just being worried about meeting with the client’s request. â€Å"Give clients what they really need, not what they say they need† says Brad Husick, director of marketing for Clement Mok Design. Since graphic designers are responsible for designing the layouts of books, magazines, journals, websites and advertisements, they should always try to modernize their ideas by time in order for their business to receive more clients and become more successful. Another requirement of becoming a graphic designer is to receive a certificate that proves the person is capable of using any program that is relevant to design, since employers won’t request work experience but they would rather have a person with skill rather than experience (The Advertiser, March 1991). There is a long list to go through in order for a person to choose what part of graphic design he/she want to specialize in. That list includes creative director, layout artist, brand identity design, logo designer, flash designer, illustrator, technical illustrator, Photoshop artist, multimedia designer, photographer, prepress technician and a web designer. Each of these job titles has responsibilities such as, a creative director is responsible for â€Å"making sure that each of these workers produce and complete their work on time and to the client’s satisfaction. † A logo designer’s job is â€Å"to provide a new and innovative way to express the key message of a company through a recognizable image. And a web designer ‘s job is to create the pages, layout, and graphics for web pages, they play a key role in the development of a website. † Each one of these jobs requires different courses, different certificates, and different experience, but they all share the sense of creativity and inventiveness in them. They also require a sense of â€Å"visual and organizational s kills† in order for them to complete their vital duties towards the customers and their requests. In addition, these jobs require attention to detail, problem solving skills, and an up to date knowledge of using new design software. As for graphic designers in the United Arab Emirates, they are mostly local women who aspire to play an important role in the development in their country and hope to offer back just a part of what their country offered them as of education and job opportunities. I interviewed a small number of Zayed University Graphic design students, who are exceptionally enjoying their courses and university experience, partly because of the encouraging and artistic environment that surrounds them from teachers, colleagues and administrators. A graduated student commented on her own work â€Å"after accomplishing your design and perfecting it, you get a great sense of satisfaction and contentment from within. † (AlSiri,F. )She also talked about how her family are exceedingly supportive to her studies and designs and continuously try to help her improve her designs and outcomes. The majority of the students agreed that their university is tremendously encouraging and that their teachers are always enthusiastic about their work and designs and re continuously motivating them to work harder and achieve higher positions. They also praised the encouragement and support of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashed Al-Maktoum for the female students who are trying their best to fulfill their dreams and improve the development of their country, whereas he has made everything uncomplicated for them and helped them by promoting women as leaders and motivating women to head their own businesses and offices through his Highnessà ¢â‚¬â„¢ establishment for supporting small businesses. In conclusion, graphic design is an extremely interesting but difficult profession that requires a variety of skills due to its involvement in both art, I. T and communication. Whereas a graphic designer should learn how to communicate well with his clients, as a part of his job, in order for him to succeed and complete his work creatively yet to the client’s liking. Additionally, a graphic designer should be very accurate with his deadlines and might sometimes renounce the privilege of sleep, rest or food just to complete his requested orders and tasks. This career path is proven to be for individuals that have the ability and will to work hard and part of a team in order to accomplish the impossible, it also requires a passion for creating new designs and accepting criticism from people with different tastes. Communication research paper Graphic Design

Life Insurance

.. TABLE OF CONTENTS STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN DEFINES SALES SUCCESS IN TWO LEADING LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Target companies: AVIVA Life Insurance Pvt Ltd. 1] Executive summary: The research is to be conduct how each company has performed in sales and the improve effectiveness of selling process. Research objectives and aims are to compare the performance of the AVIVA and HDFCSLI. As this research studying based on the Indian market, the research is proceeding in Bangalore, which is one of the main city in India. Research mythology is proceeding under collecting data of the current status of the both company and from the people to know the brand awareness and the purchasing behaviour when buying life insurance policies. THE BACKGROUND OF THE INDUSTRY Companies rating can be identified as follows:- A++,A+ are superior companies. A or A- good companies B. is growing company C- means position is not good. D is below the standard (minimum). E rate is company is taking the help from the state to run the business. LITERATURE VIEW Sales management and customer satisfaction: Influence of Advertising on Sales: This is a very important fact in life insurance industry as, their most of sales advertising by the salespersons. Draw back of a company can be happen due to the lack of communication and the problems in communicating with the consumers. Influence of Sales promotions on sales Sales promotions has taken an increasing share of the marketing budget, at the expense of advertising,because promotion can achieve a measurable increase in short term sales , which advertising cannot. There is a tension between the short term effects of promotion and the long term effects of advertising. This results in confusion in marketing community. How ever, there is a desirable effect on sales market from promotions. The main intention to promote sales is to attract the customers attention. Doing promotions in life insurance industry is can be following To extend the user base To reward and retaining existing customers To introduce trail of new product and by cashing and on the establish brand To counter competitor’s offer To clear inventory To enhance brand value To survive under the high pressure of competition, companies tend to do more and more creativity on their sales promotions by adding promotion tools. Promotions tools which can be use in life insurance industry are, Games and contests Lucky draw Gifts Attractive offers for the policies RESEACH PROBLEM: *STUDY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES*: To analyze the potential of Life Insurance in Investment Industry. To get the better understanding of various Life Insurance Product. To compare the performance of the AVIVA and HDFC To evaluate various need of customers for Life Insurance and their To study the brand awareness of the AVIVA and HDFCSLI The levels of trade support achieved, such as point of sales display. IMPORTANTS OF THE STUDIES RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research Design: Research Design that is followed in this report is sampling which is the most appropriate technique because Bangalore is a big city. The sample numbers were not overlapping in areas & then these selected with ultimate sample consisting of all units whole Bangalore 10 potential areas ere selected and are picked randomly from these area. Thus the total sample of 300 was taken and analyzed. Research Methodology: Research methodology is mainly concentrating following questions. Evaluating the sales and marketing methods, personnel sellings , telephone selling ,postal orders, etc , that each of the retailer’s used , as well as determining the effectiveness of these sales methods. Determining how effective these methods w ere in supporting and communicating each company’s product and company image Determining who are the customer and potential customers in each company. This is to establish their perception of the company , as well as their attitudes to its image in comparison to those of its competitors. Determining the intermediaries in the market place This is to establish why these intermediaries selected the company and its services, rather than the services of its competitors. In addition, the research evaluated how the company image enhanced the over all sales processes , through all the company communications. Contact with head office, agents and inspectors , promotional material sent to intermediaries , and information on new products , proposal forms , company information, etc Determining the insurer’s own agents and sales force This was to determine whether those members of the sales team were communicating the right image and sales message effectively. In addition, this research is designed to determine whether their sales techniques and methods were ‘synergistic’ with other aspects of the marketing mix, such as advertising and promotions All the findings are based on the survey research method. Data Collection Methods: 1. Primary Data: Questionnaire Detail analysis of data collected through questionnaire: To evaluate various need of customers for Life Insurance and their Purchase behaviour. To know the level of brand awareness of the company among the Consumers. Limitations of the study As this research is focussed on limited group and a limited area space it is not enough to study the production success of the world wide company. Sales rofit can be different according to the area , culture and people. As it is not possible to cover the whole india and also whole Bangalore, results could be limited. Richard M SwILSON , Colin Gilligan with David pearson (1992) David jobber, Geoff Lancaster – 7thedition ‘’ selling &sales management’’ Carl McDaniel , Roger Gates (1999) ‘’ marketing research’’ Robin Birn (1992) ‘’The effective use of marketing research (1992) David jobber ‘’ selling & sales s trategy ‘’ Gorden wills (1974) ‘’ strategic issues in marketing ‘’ Colin Mclver (1984) ‘’case study in marketing’’ Journal of marketing (2009) volume 25 Cunliff bolling (1969) ‘’sales management’’ Giep Franzen (1999) ‘’Brand & Advertising’’ William G. Zikmund (2003) ‘’ Exploring marketing research Bill Donaldson (1998) ‘’ sales management’’ Martin lindstrom (2005) ‘’ Brand sense’’ Bill Donaldson (1988) ‘’ sales management’’ Terence A. Shimp ‘’ Advertising and promotion’’ www. AVIVA. co. in www. hdfcsli. co. in Google search

William Shakespeares tragedy Antony and Cleopatra †Theatre Essay

William Shakespeares tragedy Antony and Cleopatra – Theatre Essay Free Online Research Papers William Shakespeare’s tragedy Antony and Cleopatra Theatre Essay William Shakespeare’s tragedy Antony and Cleopatra tells a story of a scandalous affair between the Roman General Antony and the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra, and encompasses the battles between western and eastern cultures and between reason and passion that eventually leads to the characters death. We can see several of the plays important themes, character revelations, and plot developments within a single scene. The scene that I will be examining is Act II Sc v, in which Cleopatra, who has been separated from Antony while he travels back to Rome, is amusing herself with her servants Charmian and Mardian. As she thinks about Antony, likening him to a fish that has been caught, a messenger arrives from Italy. Cleopatra assumes, because of the messenger’s unhappy expression, that Antony is dead. She threatens the messenger with his life if he brings such bad news. Before the messenger can fulfill his duties, Cleopatra allows her passion to reach a frenzied pace. She threatens him several more times until he tells her that Antony has been married to Octavia. At this news, Cleopatra strikes the messenger several times, each time asking him to repent what he has said. The messenger, however, insists that he must tell her the truth, and she admits that it is below her station to treat a menial servant so viciously. The scene ends with Cleopatra sending the messenger back to Italy to find out certain information about Octavia including how old she is, her disposition, and the color of her hair. Throughout Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra different themes are woven through the play. Several of these themes are displayed in Act II sc. v. Before we can adequately examine this scene we must first understand these themes. These themes are the clash between East and West, the war of the sexes and Reason vs. Passion. The clash between East and West is a theme that is essential in the development of the plot. Throughout the play we are given perceptions concerning the difference between Western and Eastern cultures. These two cultures are characterized by those who inhabit them and their actions. For example, the West holds Caesar and the other triumvirs, Antony excluded. They represent the rigidity of Roman law and order and the sense of honor that moves their actions. The East is inhabited by Cleopatra, who, through her theatrics, represents the passionate flow of the east. Even though we are given both positive and negative characteristics of the East and West, Shakespeare does not choose one in triumph over the other. Caesar’s West does in the end dominate Cleopatra’s east. Yet, although the land is conquered, the passion is not, as Cleopatra takes it with her after her suicide. Another theme present in this scene is the war of the sexes which serves as an example of the differences between East and West and the degradation of Antony’s sense of duty, honor and manhood. Throughout the play we see Cleopatra vie for dominance over Antony. Cleopatra uses her beauty and sexuality as a tool to win Antony for herself, and in turn destroy his reasoning. As Philo and Demetrius remark in Act I, sc i, the Romans view her as â€Å"gipsy† or a â€Å"wrangling queen.† But we must be reminded that she is not a whore, but a powerful woman who has already captured one powerful Roman and now sets to hold another. Just as an actress would, she elevates her passion, grief and outrage to captivate her audience. Research Papers on William Shakespeare’s tragedy Antony and Cleopatra - Theatre EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Bringing Democracy to AfricaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMind TravelThe Spring and Autumn

Three artist Dialogue essays

Three artist Dialogue essays Artist are very opinionated individuals that create pieces that affect us in many ways. What do I mean by that statement? Well, if one is to look at any kind of artwork, I believe that it will evoke some kind of reaction from the viewer. It is the artists statement. It may not be a written statement or vocal statement, but it is a visual type of communication. The three artists that I am discussing will be Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Barnett Newman. The discussion will be that of their opinions on creating art and their interpretation of some forms of art. The source of the information will Jackson Pollock's artwork is very loose and free with lots of energy and movement. An idea of an American art to him is absurd. Meaning that he thinks that art cannot be classified into a type or grouping. His example of physics being tied to a nationality has its merits. The theory of physics is a universal type of thinking. It is not locked down to be understood by cer- tain nationalities. He says that all people can understand its concepts. And that is how he views artwork as well. Art is the universal language. Mark Rothko states that artwork transcends us to a different plane or dimension. The hum-drum of everyday life can stifle the creative energy of the artist according to Rothko. He says that if artists can let go of his ties to reality, only then is he able to be truly creative. Freedom is the goal of the artist. Freedom from reality will allow an artist to create beyond his normal limits. Artwork is a magical result that started within the artist mind and is transferred to the canvas. This transformation is his so called The items in his works are like individual entities that have purpose. This purpose may be to itself or may have relationships to other ...

Habits and Traits of Darkling Beetles

Habits and Traits of Darkling Beetles The family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles, is one of the largest beetle families. The family name comes from the Latin tenebrio, meaning one who loves darkness. People raise darkling beetle larvae, known as mealworms, as food for birds, reptiles, and other animals. Description Most darkling beetles look similar to ground beetles, black or brown and smooth. Theyre often found hiding under rocks or leaf litter and will come to light traps. Darkling beetles are primarily scavengers. The larvae are sometimes called false wireworms because they look like click beetle larvae (which are known as wireworms). Though the Tenebrionidae family is quite large, numbering close to 15,000 species, all darkling beetles share certain characteristics. They have 5 visible abdominal sternites, the first of which is not divided by coxae (as in the ground beetles). The antennae usually have 11 segments and may be filiform  or moniliform. Their eyes are notched. The tarsal formula is 5-5-4. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: ColeopteraFamily: Tenebrionidae Diet Most darkling beetles (adults and larvae) scavenge on plant matter of some kind, including stored grains and flour. Some species feed on fungi, dead insects, or even dung. Life Cycle Like all beetles, darkling beetles undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Female darkling beetles deposit their eggs in the soil. Larvae are worm-like, with slender, elongated bodies. Pupation usually occurs in the soil. Special Adaptations and Defenses When disturbed, many darkling beetles will emit a foul-smelling liquid to dissuade predators from dining on them. Members of the genus Eleodes engage in a somewhat bizarre defensive behavior when threatened. Eleodes beetles raise their abdomens high in the air, so they almost appear to be standing on their heads, while fleeing the suspected danger. Range and Distribution Darkling beetles live worldwide, in both temperate and tropical habitats. The family Tenebrionidae is one of the largest in the beetle order, with well over 15,000 species known. In North America, darkling beetles are most diverse and abundant in the west. Scientists have described 1,300 western species, but only around 225 eastern Tenebrionids. Sources Family Tenebrionidae - Darkling Beetles - BugGuide.NetDarkling Beetle, St. Louis ZooDarkling Beetle Fact Sheet, Woodland Park ZooBorror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson

How Is Digital Learning Going To Change Education Research Paper

How Is Digital Learning Going To Change Education - Research Paper Example From the report it is clear that the improvement in the web- based technology has further helped teachers of the educational institutes to effectively use various online resources for delivering accurate information to the learners. The implementation of technology in the education sector opens new possibilities for the learners to share different ideas and facts. Digital learning process makes the teaching process easier for the educators. The topic so selected for the purpose of research examines the effectiveness of applying digital way of teaching in the classroom. This paper tends to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning for learning. While innovation within different sectors including the educational sector is increasing at a faster rate, but still it is of less importance as compared to the traditional way of teaching. The implementation of digital learning process in the classroom enhances the education process, but lack of technological improvement prevents its appli cation in many schools. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of digital learning in school and education process. The paper examines the positive as well as negative aspect of implementing digital learning process in schools. The paper also tends to evaluate the aspect of digital learning based on â€Å"Westwood International School".  The use of digital learning in the educational institutes can also be regarded as a substitute for the traditional way of teaching.  

Consumer culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Consumer culture - Essay Example One of such events is the World War II. At the end of the war, there were various changes that occurred in the country. The changes that took place in the country were fascinating to the soldiers returning from war (PBS 1). As soldiers arrived in the country, they found many changes that were not there in the past. The changes were associated with the manufacture of various goods that were meant for the war. The increased production had helped America get out of the challenges it has experienced during the era of the Great Depression (PBS 1). The obvious phenomenon is that billions of people in the world belong to consumer class. According to a study done, it is estimated that approximately 1.7 billion people in the world belong to the â€Å"consumer class† (Mayell 1). The war helped America get out of various challenges that occurred in the past. One of such challenges was The Great Depression that had serious ramification on the economy (PBS 1). For this reason, as the challenge was overcome through wartime production, young people found an opportunity to spend. In addition, improved accessibility of jobs, increased wages, and lack of consumer goods in the event of war increased eagerness for American to spend as the war ended (PBS 1). Other changes were seen as young couples married and begun to get children at a higher rates. There were also changes in federal programs that provided an opportunity for young families to purchase their homes mostly in posh areas. However, there are various questions that arise. The first question is how the society transformed after this period in terms of spending. Secondly, what was the impact of such changes to society? Were the impacts positive or negative? The consumer culture had a negative influence on American society because it firmly brings shortcomings on personal life and social environment. There were significant changes in

Potential employees use of google and Facebook to assess applicants Assignment

Potential employees use of google and Facebook to assess applicants - Assignment Example ’t give to potential employees private lives outside work, principals for employment professionals, Face book policies, legal implications of the use of Google and face book to scrutinize applicants just to mention a few. These areas of scrutiny lead to a number of findings which are discussed in the discussion area in relation to literature. The paper also presents a number of recommendations in relation to the findings of the research. Technology which has remained indispensable to most organizations today is undoubtedly changing and advancing their internal operations. The work of human resource departments specifically has been made easier with the advent of technology especially social networks, because they can easily evaluate the integrity and moral life of the applicant outside the professional field. Most firms would wish their employees to uphold high level of integrity within and without job settings because everywhere they are they represent the organizations image. (Zeidner,2007) This paper will try to evaluate the legal and professional implications of applying the utilitarian approach of ethics which is purely meant to ensure employers full satisfaction with a least harm to the affected i.e. customers, employees, shareholders, community and the environment. The investigation will offer more information on the legal implications of invading applicant’s privacy and also the need for the applicants to enhance their privacy settings besides minding what they post to the public. The key question that this paper will address is on whether employers should invade the applicant’s privacy during recruiting process. In order to complete this research work successfully, there are different aspects of methodology which were used. One of them was the sampling of participants who included employers, employees and job seekers in the proportion of 5, 7, and 8 respectively. They were emailed structured questionnaire which was later received and the

Book review1 Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book review1 - Literature review Example The book was published in the year 2007 by Crossway Books publishing ministry of Good News Publishers whose headquarters are in Illinois. Among the several books that J. Piper has published includes God’s Passion for His Glory, The Pleasures of God, Future Grace, A hunger for God and Desiring God among others. Based on the many items on theology, the author has produced a book that provides a basis for today Christian living. The various concepts displayed in the book relate to academic, biblical and psychological understanding of the writer on key items as presented in the bible. John Piper addresses main topics basing his ideas on the works of N.T Wright and citing his works throughout his book which centres on justification and judgment. The scope of the book is wide as the writer outlines his ideas concerning previous works of others, maintaining his thought on various issues and using ideas to base his argument. Among the issues discussed in the book are such as the relationship between law and covenant, dynamics of justification, justification and gospel, and places of Christian works in justification. The author also analyses the concept of justification on the death of Christ being able to cleanse sin. In this, he notes that avoiding sin is essential for the forgiveness of sin but noting with precedence that his death was to ensure human justification. He cites Colossian 2:14, Revelation 1:5, Galatians 2:21 among other books to show that the death of Christ is sufficient to cover human sins. He is opposed to the view of the writers of the New Testament who saw the death of the Messiah as the ultimate end to His life (Piper, 2007, p.43). Piper’s view is that the Lord continually seems to manifest himself in us implying He lives as implored in the story of the resurrection. According to him, the obedience of Christ to die for us

History of Shell Energy and Oil Company Term Paper

History of Shell Energy and Oil Company - Term Paper Example The company has a diverse work force employing locals in the countries where its branches are situated. The company has invested heavily on exploration, production and marketing of petroleum products in the local and international market. In America, the company is considered a market leader in the sale of petroleum products. This is attributed to the penetration of the brand with most of the gas stations in the country bearing the company’s logo (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 35). The management of the company over the years has changed the way the company operates. From its formation, the company has used mergers and acquisitions to expand its operations. Its partnership with major oil producers in Saudi Arabia has enabled the company to maintain a stable source of raw material for its products. The company has also collaborated with established brands in the market to ensure that market penetration is facilitated. The company history traces the origin of the company in the year 1833. Marcus Samuel who sold antiques and oriental shells expanded his small business into London. As the business expanded, he ventured into fashion and interior design. He imported his shells from the Far East, which laid the foundation needed for a successful business (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 214). ... The business in which the company undertakes is divided into three sections. The upstream section deals with exploration, extraction and manufacturing. The company is responsible for oil exploration in major oil producing nations. The company enters into a contract with the nations to charge a fee for exploration process. The company also obtains rights to drill in the nations where the natural gas deposits are found. Oil from the wells is processed in plants owned by the nation. Through the upstream section of the company, Shell is able to provide employment to people in foreign nations thus improving the GDP of the country. The company also provides quality products in the competitive energy business. The customers are able to choose from a wide selection of products. Upstream international covers major oil producing areas including Africa, Asia Russia and Europe. Shell is committed to ensuring that the methods of exploration, extraction and manufacturing used preserve the environm ent (Mallin 217). The downstream section of the company deals with marketing of the products owned by the company. The company has penetrated globally to ensure that its products are available to customers. The company uses a mix of marketing strategies to encourage customers to use products from the company. The company has been in the market for a long time thus the brand name Shell is strong. The company advertises its brand using all the media available to increase revenue generated. The downstream section of the business is responsible for revenue generation to the organization. The section also funds the major activities undertaken in the company. Projects and technology is one of the advances sections in the company that uses most of the

Information Tecnology Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Information Tecnology Law - Essay Example After holding talks for a couple of years with the EU, the US, to the initial chagrin of much of Europe, was able to wrest an agreement that would bail out its companies from the rigid standard of the EU. The EU/US Safe Harbor agreement is a compromise pact that would allow US companies to receive personal data from the UK despite the finding of inadequacy of US data protection system. The EU/US Safe Harbor agreement, which almost relies on self-regulation of its member organisations, suffers from fundamental structural and procedural lapses that weaken its effect. The EU Data Protection Law The United Nations was the first international body to delve on the issue of data protection during the 20th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1968. It posed the question as to whether limits must be set in the use of electronics to protect privacy rights. Subsequently, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) drafted the Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data in 1980 whilst the Council of Europe came up with Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard Automatic Processing of Personal Data also in the same year. The non-binding OECD Guidelines preceded a heated disagreement between some European countries and the United States where the former charged the latter of intentional laxity in its data protection laws as a strategy to globalise its computer industry and the latter accused the former of protectionism through data protection. The OECD Guidelines therefore, was a compromise o f the conflicting stance of the parties. On the other hand, the Council’s treaty came about after considerations in the difficulty, especially by multinationals, in transferring personal data from one country to another because of the different procedural elements in each country. The need to harmonise these different procedural elements was the primary objective of the treaty.2 As the emergence of a European common market loomed in the horizon, the European Council finally gave in to the longtime suggestion that it comes up with a Directive that would tackle data protection. In 1990, the EC issued Directive 95/46 also known as the Data Protection Directive, which has since been described as â€Å"the most influential international policy instrument to date.†3 It was formally implemented on October 1995, with Member States given until 1998 to amend their respective laws to conform to its provisions. Whilst the Council’s earlier treaty was aimed at harmonising na tional laws on data protection, 4 the primary objective of Directive 95/46 is to protect the individual’s privacy as a basic right. This Directive is a consolidation of all efforts to obtain a uniform data protection laws in all Member States, because differences in levels of data protection hamper the free flow of personal data from one Member Country to another, which can result in difficulty in the implementation of a unified European market.5 The rights that are embodied in the Directive are put in a nutshell by Article 8 of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, which took effect in 2009 concurrently with the Treaty of Lisbon. These rights are: the right to protection of personal data; the right to have personal data processed

History of Shell Energy and Oil Company Term Paper

History of Shell Energy and Oil Company - Term Paper Example The company has a diverse work force employing locals in the countries where its branches are situated. The company has invested heavily on exploration, production and marketing of petroleum products in the local and international market. In America, the company is considered a market leader in the sale of petroleum products. This is attributed to the penetration of the brand with most of the gas stations in the country bearing the company’s logo (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 35). The management of the company over the years has changed the way the company operates. From its formation, the company has used mergers and acquisitions to expand its operations. Its partnership with major oil producers in Saudi Arabia has enabled the company to maintain a stable source of raw material for its products. The company has also collaborated with established brands in the market to ensure that market penetration is facilitated. The company history traces the origin of the company in the year 1833. Marcus Samuel who sold antiques and oriental shells expanded his small business into London. As the business expanded, he ventured into fashion and interior design. He imported his shells from the Far East, which laid the foundation needed for a successful business (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 214). ... The business in which the company undertakes is divided into three sections. The upstream section deals with exploration, extraction and manufacturing. The company is responsible for oil exploration in major oil producing nations. The company enters into a contract with the nations to charge a fee for exploration process. The company also obtains rights to drill in the nations where the natural gas deposits are found. Oil from the wells is processed in plants owned by the nation. Through the upstream section of the company, Shell is able to provide employment to people in foreign nations thus improving the GDP of the country. The company also provides quality products in the competitive energy business. The customers are able to choose from a wide selection of products. Upstream international covers major oil producing areas including Africa, Asia Russia and Europe. Shell is committed to ensuring that the methods of exploration, extraction and manufacturing used preserve the environm ent (Mallin 217). The downstream section of the company deals with marketing of the products owned by the company. The company has penetrated globally to ensure that its products are available to customers. The company uses a mix of marketing strategies to encourage customers to use products from the company. The company has been in the market for a long time thus the brand name Shell is strong. The company advertises its brand using all the media available to increase revenue generated. The downstream section of the business is responsible for revenue generation to the organization. The section also funds the major activities undertaken in the company. Projects and technology is one of the advances sections in the company that uses most of the

Enders Game Essay Example for Free

Enders Game Essay In a world much different from ours, one with aliens and space travel lives a six-year-old boy from Earth. His name is Ender Wiggin and he is far from the ordinary. He is a â€Å"third† meaning that he was not supposed to be born due to birthing restrictions. Through the consideration of the government, his parents were permitted to have a third child. Due to his superior skills, he is chosen to attend battle school in order to fight the buggers. In the process of becoming a leader in order to save the Earth, Ender is manipulated by Valentine, the teachers and Colonel Graff. This makes him a better soldier by facing many obstacles as an individual and making him self-sufficient. Valentine is Enders 8 year old sister, whom he loves very much. Later on in the book, she manipulates him so that he would be determined to save Earth. She herself was tricked into manipulating Ender by Graff, and later regrets it. Valentine manipulates Ender by writing him a letter that Graff had convinced her to do. â€Å"Ender, the Bastards wouldn’t put any of my letters through till now. I must have written a hundred times but you must have thought I never did. Well I did. Some people might think that because you’re being a soldier you are now a cruel and hard person who likes to hurt people, like the marines in the video, but I know that isn’t true. You are nothing like you-know-who. Maybe you seem mean but you’re not fooling me†¦ All my love turkey lips, Val. Don’t write back they’ll probably sikowanalize your letter (Card, pg. 150). Valentine is manipulating Ender by making him believe that he is not like Peter, which is Ender’s greatest fear. She knows that by doing so he will believe her and will be able to focus on winning. Ender however, does not believe her because he realized that if the teachers did not let the rest of her letters be sent, then why this one? He knows she is trying to pressure him into believing that he was not like Peter. Valentine also convinces Ender to not go back to Earth. She tells him that Peter has big plans for him; he has been waiting for this opportunity his whole life. â€Å"He had plans for you, Ender. He would publicly reveal himself when you arrived, going to meet you in front of the videos. Ender Wiggins older brother, who also happened to be the great Locke, the architect of peace. Standing next to you, he would look quite mature. And the physical resemblance between you is stronger than ever. It would be quite simple for him, then, to take over† (Card, pg. 312). Valentine tells him Peter’s plans but Ender does not seem to understand. He believes that either way he has already spent his life being someone’s pawn. After talking to Valentine, he had finally decided to leave with her. He says, â€Å"I am not going for you. I’m not going in order to be governor, or because I’m bored here. I’m going because I know the buggers better than another living soul, and aybe if I go there I can understand them better† (Card, pg. 314). Finally, Valentine also manipulates Ender by meeting him at a lake and encouraging him to continue to go to battle school. â€Å"If you try and lose then it isn’t your fault. But if you don’t try and we lose, then it’s all your fault. You killed us all† (Card, pg. 240/241). Valentine persuades Ender that it is best for him and the world to continue fighting to win the battle. She tells him it is important for him to at least try rather than not try at all. If he tries then no one will say anything because he did his best. However, if he does not try at all, then everyone will blame him knowing that he could have done more t planet Earth. Valentine is someone very significant in Ender’s life and by manipulating him she helped Graff control Ender further. Throughout the book, the teachers around Ender are constantly manipulating him. They decide that by manipulating Ender, it will be best for him in the long run. One point would be when the teachers decided not to tell Ender that he was actually fighting the buggers. Ender you never played me. You never played a game since I became your enemy. Ender, for the past few months you have been the battle commander of our fleets. This was the Third Invasion. There were no games, the battles were real, and the only enemy you fought was the buggers (Card, pg. 296). No one had told Ender that he was actually fighting the buggers at their home planet. They did not tell him so he would feel no pressure. This lead to his victory over the buggers but still Ender was upset. The teachers had manipulated Ender and pushed him too far. The adults are depending on the computer to tell them when they are pushing Ender more than he can handle. You can’t be serious about this schedule of battles. † â€Å"Yes I can. † â€Å"He’s only had is army three and a half weeks. † â€Å"I told you. We did computer simulations on probable results. And here is what the computer estimated Ender would do. † â€Å"We want to teach him, not give him a nervous breakdown† (Card, pg. 173). The fact is they have already gone past his limit. The adults were by giving him more than he could handle. For example, he was once given two battles in one day during his time at Battle School. Lastly, the teachers manipulate him by never helping him in dangerous situations. Every time Ender was ganged up on the teachers would not help him and so he would fight alone. â€Å"If the teachers were allowing that to turn up on official report, it was obvious they didn’t intend to punish anyone for the nasty little skirmish in the battle room. Aren’t they going to do anything? Don’t they care what goes on in this school† (Card, pg. 117). Ender was frustrated and confused as to why the teachers were never there when he was in trouble. He learned to never count on the adults to come and rescue him. These three points made him a better soldier because t made him stronger, more independent and that helped him prepare for the real battle. Graff’s intention of manipulating Ender was to keep him on track. He wanted Ender to only be able to rely on himself and nobody else. Graff wants Ender to use his intelligence to help him get out of a rough situation. The first example of how Graff manipulates Ender is by changing his armies often. He sends Ender from Salamander to Rat, Rat to Phoenix and from Phoenix to Dragon. â€Å"Ender shook his head. It was the stupidest thing he could think of, to promote him ow. Nobody got promoted before they were eight years old. Ender wasn’t even seven yet. And launchies usually moved into the armies together, with most armies getting a new kid at the same time† (Card, pg. 69). Ender was tired of switching armies often. It was only when everything was settling down, when he made a few friends and had gotten over the fact that he was not with Valentine they decide to transfer him. Colonel Graff also manipulates Ender into going to Battle School. â€Å"You won’t miss your mother and father, not much, not for long. And they won’t miss you long either Well no one wants a third anymore. You can’t expect them to be glad. But your mother and father were a special case† (Card, pg. 21/22). Graff speaks with Ender alone and tells his how his family’s reaction would be. He brings up the past about his parents life and that having a â€Å"third† was such a disgrace for them. He tells Ender that miss them a little but soon he will forget about them and they will do the same. Furthermore, Graff also makes sure that Ender does not get any support from the teachers when he is in problem. He also helps Ender become alienated from the other launchies. â€Å"Ender Wiggins must believe that no matter what happens, no adult will ever, ever step in to help him in anyway. He must believe to the core of his soul that he can only do what he and the other children work out for themselves. If he does not believe that, then he will never reach the peak of his ability† (Card, pg. 202). Graff plays with his mind, mentally making him believe that his teachers will never be there to protect him. He makes Ender believe that he could only depend on himself.

Effectiveness of Primary Realignment on Stricture Urethra

Effectiveness of Primary Realignment on Stricture Urethra THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRIMARY REALIGNMENT IN TRAUMATIC POSTERIOR URETHRAL DISTRACTION INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTURE PELVIS. ABSTRACT Aim: To study the effectiveness of primary realignment on the incidence of stricture urethra and its impact on the incidence of complications. Methods : From 2005 to 2008, a total of 27 patients of posterior Urethral distraction injuries were studied, out of which 15 patients were treated with the aim of reestablishing Urethral continuity immediately or early after injury and 12 patients were treated with SPC alone followed by definitive management after 6 months. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Of the 15 patients who were treated with the Urethral Catheteric alignment, 6 patients underwent open procedure as there was an indication for emergency Laparotomy. Rest 9 patients were treated with endoscopic alignment with in 1 2 weeks. Out of 9 Patients, Endoscopic alignment was successful in 8 patients. Rest 12 patientswere managed with SPC alone as these patients were not stable for primary alignment due to associate Orthopaedic, Head or Chest injuries. All these 12 patients required a major Urethroplasty later. RESULTS: Of the 15 patients managed with primary realignment, 7 patients developed stricture at the site of injury of which 3 patients required major Urethroplasty and 4 patients could be managed by endoscopic procedures. All 12 patients in SPC group required a major Urethroplasty later. The incidence of Incontinence and impotence were comparable in both the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that careful Urethral Catheteric realignment after acute trauma is safe and useful as it obviates total Urethral closure in majority of cases. KEY WORDS: Traumatic rupture urethra , primary realignment, Urethroplasty , endoscopic realignment, Pelvic Fracture, Suprapubic Catheterization, Retrograde Urethrogram. Introduction Pelvic fracture with posterior Urethra rupture is associated with morbidity such as Urethral Stricture, Erectile dysfunction and incontinence 1. There is still controversy on the immediate management of these injuries. Some Urologists advice initial placement of Suprapubic Cystostomy followed by delayed Urethroplasty 3 to 6 months later 2, while others suggest immediate realignment. The patients managed with Suprapubic Cystostomy results in Stricture formation in 95% of cases requiring a delayed Urethroplasty 3. Thus it carries the morbidity of being on SPC for 3 to 6 months followed by the morbidity of undergoing a major Surgery and its attendant complications. Some Urologists suggest that early Urethral realignment as initial treatment for posterior Urethral disruption associated with Pelvic fracture with or without Surgical repair may adversely influence out come. Where as others attribute the morbidity of Pelvic fracture Urethral avulsion to trauma magnitude rather than to management of the acute disruption of the membranes Urethra 4. The current definition of Primary realignment refers to immediate stenting of Urethral distraction with a Catheter without Pelvic dissection or sutures5. More recently realignment has been performed endoscopically, under fluoroscopic guidance or by using magnetic urethral catheters 6, 7, 8. Primary realignment with above techniques obviates the need for long term Suprapubic drainage, and reapproximates the proximal and distal ends of Urethra before significant malalignment develops and incidence of Stricture formation is found to be much less compared to the patients managed by SPC alone. Virtually 100% of patients managed with SPC alone result in complete obliteration requiring a major Urethroplasty later, while only 50% of patients with primary alignment go on to development strictures most of which can be managed with endoscopic procedures like visual internal urethrotomy or visual dilatations . Materials and Methods We treated 27 men with posterior Urethral injuries from August 2005 to August 2008. Of the men, 12 were managed with Supra pubic Catheter and delayed Urethroplasty and 15 were treated with the aim of establishing Urethral Continuity either immediately or with in two weeks after trauma. Mean patient’s age was 34 years (16-58). 24 patients were involved in motor vehicle accidents and 3 had fall from height. Diagnosis is established by clinical examination and retrograde Urethrogram in all patients. 12 out of 27 men had associated severe injuries like fracture lower limbs, fracture Spine and Chest and head injuries. All of the above patients were managed by SPC alone followed by a delayed Urethroplasty. Of the remaining 15 patients, 3 patients had Bladder injuries and 3 patients had intra peritoneal Bleeding (1 case of Splenic trauma and 1 case of liver trauma and 1 mesenteric tear) For the above patients emergency Laparotomy was done and Urethral trauma dealt by early Urethral Catheteric realignment and open Suprapubic Cystostomy. In this open procedure a 6-8 Fr. infant feeding tube was gently passed perurethrally and retrieved through retropubic space. Another infant feeding tube passed antegradely through the Bladder neck and retrieved through retropubic space without much disturbing the hematoma in retropubic space. Both are tied together and brought out through the Urethra. A 16 Fr. Foleys Catheter tied to the end of the Infant feeding tube outside the Urethra and gently negotiated into the Bladder. The above procedure did not involve any retropubic dissection, the Pelvic hematoma not disturbed, Pubo prostatic ligaments are not divided and vest sutures or traction not applied. The above procedure was successful in 4 out of 6 cases. In other two cases the Per urethral feeding tube directly entered the bladder and Foleys Catheter negotiated into the bladder. In all cases 16 Fr. Foleys Catheter kept as SPC. In rest of the 9 patients emergency laparotomy was not required; these patients are initially dealt by SPC. Once the patient is stable, patient is taken up for Endoscopic alignment within 7 to 14 days. In our procedure of Endoscopic alignment patient was kept in modified lithotomy position under general anaesthesia and Urethroscopy done with 10 Fr. rigid pediatric scope. Once the injured area is located, guide wire or 4Fr. Ureteric Catheter is gently passed across the injured area. If any resistance is encountered a second guide wire is passed by the side of it. The entry of the guide wire or Ureteric catheter into the Bladder through the Bladder neck is confirmed by antegrade scopy through the SPC tract. Then a 16Fr. Foley’s catheter is then negotiated over a guide wire into the Bladder and confirmed by antegrade Scopy through the Supra pubic tract and the Bulb inflated with 15cc of water. The procedure was successful in 7 out of 9 patients. In one patient where the above pro cedure failed the guide wire was passed antegradely by antergrade Cystoscopy through SPC tract and could be retrieved through retrograde scopy by grasping the guide wire with an alligator. In one patient the guide wire or ureteric catheter could not be negotiated across the injured area either antegradely or retrogradely and hence the patient was left with SPC alone and was managed with Urethroplasty later. Thus the procedure was successful in 8 out of 9 cases. All the patients with catheter realignment are followed up with pericatheter studies after 4 weeks. If there was no extravasation, perurethral catheter removed, SPC blocked and patient is allowed to void. If the patient had extravasation, perurethral catheter is maintained for another 2-4 weeks and if extravasation subsided perurethral catheter is removed. Then the patient is kept on Clean Intermittent Catheterization. RGU repeated after another two months and SPC removed if there is no stricture. Patient is kept on regular follow up every three months for 2 years. Results Table I Methods of management and results. The results of the 27 patients managed differently are shown in table I. In 13 out of 15 patients in Catheteric alignment group, the RGU shows complete rupture of Urethra and in 10 out of 15 patients the Ureteric Catheter or guide wire could be passed across the injured area easily indicating they are partial injuries. The Urethral Catheters were kept for a mean of 6.5 weeks (Range 4 to 9 weeks). Table I also shows the relationship between the method of early management and the development of Urethral Stricture. Of the 15 patients treated with Catheterization 7 (46%) patients developed Urethral Stricture out of which 3 (20%) patients had to undergo a major Urethroplasty and 4(26.6%) patients could be managed with Visual Internal Urethrotomy and visual dilatation. No patients of this group required Pubectomy or abdomino – perineal approach. 11 (91.6%) out of 12 patients managed with SPC alone developed complete obliteration out of which 10 (83%) patients required a major Urethroplasty later. One patient could be managed with core through VIU. 2 out of the 11 patients required transpubic approach for associated fistulous tracts to the perineum and 2 patients required abdomino perineal approach as these patients had a cavity requiring omental packing. Rest 7 patients could be managed with progressive Perineal Urethroplasty. 4 out of 12 patients in SPC group were permanently Impotent after injury and 1 patient has become impotent after Uretrhoplasty (transpubic approach) i.e., totally 5 (41.5%) patients have become permanently impotent in SPC group. In Urethral alignment group, 11 out of 15 patients have regained their potency within 1yr i.e., 4 (26.6%) out of 15 patients were permanently impotent. No patient was incontinent in both the groups. Discussion The management of posterior Urethral injuries associated with fracture Pelvis is still controversial. The main controversy is between Suprapubic drainage with delayed repair 2, 9 and immediate open realignment or Endoscopic alignment. The diagnosis of a Urethral rupture as complete or partial has been made on the basis of acute retrograde Urethrogram 3. Herschorn etal. have questioned the accuracy of RGU after trauma in distinguishing complete partial injuries9 . A Complete rupture is diagnosed when there is contrast extravasation and by the absence of contrast medium in the Prostatic Urethra or Bladder. In acute trauma the external Sphincter and Pelvic floor spasm may prevent the entry of contrast medium into the prostatic Urethra or Bladder and hence most of the traumatic posterior Urethral injuries are diagnosed as complete ruptures based on RGUs. Thus in the SPC and delayed repair group 11 out of 12 patients were diagnosed as complete ruptures based on acute RGU, where as in primary realignment group all but one patient were diagnosed as complete rupture on acute RGU and in 10 out of 15 patients the mere passage of a Ureteric Catheter, Guide wire or infant feeding tube retrogradely or antegradely across the rupture site could successfully establish the continuity which indicates all these patients had partial injuries. Other realignment series also show the high incidence of partial ruptures as the diagnosis was made not just on the basis of RGU but additional diagnostic procedures are used such as Catheterization, cystoscopy and operative procedures . The above findings show that most of the cases of complete ruptures on RGU are in fact partial ruptures and if they are left alone by doing SPC, will go for complete obliteration requiring a major procedure later and hence if the patients general condition permits it is better to give an attempt of Catheteric realignment to prevent the partial injuries going for complete obliteration. Miguel. L. Pedesta etal12 have compared primary alignment with delayed Urethroplasty and found urethral alignment not beneficial in avoiding urethral obliteration. In 1972, Morehouse and colleagues 2 reported high impotence and incontinence rates in patients treated with primary realignment. Sender Herschorn etal9 have compared delayed Urethroplasty and primary realignment in the treatment of posterior Urethral rupture and noted a significant advantage with early catheterization. Ellrott and Barrett 5 analysed the long term results of treatment of posterior Urethral rupture with primary realignment in 57 men and showed that primary realignment resulted in low incidence of erectile dysfunction (21%) incontinence (3.7%) and stricture (34%) with no requirement for intervention . Mehdi Salehipour and colleagues 10 reported no incontinence with primary realignment, 76% having no Urethral Stricture on follow up with 24% developing Stricture requiring only dilation and VIU. 84% of patients reported a normal erection, while 16% responded to Sildinafil. The present series shows a Stricture rate of 91.6% for SPC group and 46.6% (7/15 patients) in realignment group. 10 (83%) out 12 patients with Strictures in SPC group required a major Urethroplasty later where as only (20%) 3 patients in realignment group required a major Urethroplasty. Other Stricture in realignment group were easily managed with visual internal Urethrotomy and Visual Dilatation. The incidence of impotence was similar in both the groups and there was no case of Incontinence in primary realignment group. While Suprapubic drainage with delayed repair has been the procedure of choice for long time, several disadvantages of the therapy have been recognized. Stricture developed in nearly all cases managed with delayed repair and these Strictures are dense with considerable length between disrupted ends 7. All patients required at least 1 major operative procedure to remove the Stricture, necessitating urological expertise usually at a tertiary care centre. Even after Urethroplasty Stricture may develop in 20 to 30% of the patients who needs further Surgery. Recent advances in Endourological techniques have led primary realignment methods that are easy to perform and require minimal manipulations 7. These techniques realign the Urethra without disturbing the Pelvic hematoma and produce shorter, more anatomically aligned strictures. The resultant Strictures are short and easily opened with Urethral dilatation or visual internal Urethrotomy 8. After realignment Stricture develops in 45 to 6 0% of patients 7, 9 although the majority requires only 1 endoscopic repair and most Strictures stabilize with in a year. When the results of delayed Urethroplasty are compared to those of primary realignment using recently developed endourological techniques, the complication rates are comparable. Hussman et al reported no significant difference in the rates of impotence and incontinence in patients treated with Endoscopic alignment versus those who underwent delayed Urethroplasty 4. Follis et al noted 80% potency rate in patients treated with primary realignment versus 50% in those treated with delayed Urethroplasty 7. There were no incontinent patients in the primary realignment group versus a 7% incidence in the delayed Urethroplasty group. Webster et al stated that the rates of impotence associated with primary open realignment in the past were probably a result of the severity of Pelvic disruption and not a consequence of the procedure 9. Conclusion We believe that most of the traumatic ruptures of urethra associated with fracture pelvis are in fact partial injuries even though they are diagnosed as complete ruptures on acute RGU and hence an attempt of catheteric realignment either by open procedure or by endoscopic procedure with in 2 weeks of injury will help in diagnosing most of these partial injuries. All these successfully stented partial injuries can be prevented from developing complete obliteration requiring a major Urethroplasty later. For patients with complete ruptures the primary realignment helps in stenting the urethra preventing the development of longer, malaligned complicated strictures .For these patients if Urethroplasty is required at a later date , it becomes a much simpler procedure . The incidence of impotence and incontinence are not affected by the method of acute management. References: 1. Mc Annich JW, Santucci RA Genito Urinary trauma, In: Walsch PC, Retik. AB, Vaughen ED Jr. et al.editors. Campbell’s Urology.8th ed. Philadelphia:WB Saunders:2002 P:3707-44 2. Morehouse, D.D., Belitsky, P. and Mackinnon, K; rupture of the posterior Urethra J.Urol.,107;255,1972. 3. Koraitim.MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: the unresolved controversy. J.Urol, 1999:161:1433:41 4. Husmann, D.A.Wilson, T.D.Boore.T.B and Allen, T.D: Prostatomembranous urethral disruptions:management by Suprapubic cystostomy and delayed Urethroplasty, J.Urol.,144:76,1990 5. Elliot DS, Barrett DM. Long term follow up and evaluation of primary realignment of posterior urethral disruption. J.Urol.1997;153:814-6 6. Cohen,J.K., Berg.G.,Carl,G.h.andDiamond,D.D:primary endoscopic realignment following posterior urethral disruption.J.Urol.,146:1548,1991 7. Follis,H.W.,Kock, M.D. and Mc. Dougal, W.S: Immediate management of prostatomembranous urethral disruption. J.Urol.,147;1259,1992 8. James R.Porter, Thomas K.Takayama and Alfred J. Defalco,. Traumatic posterior urethral injury and early realignment using magnetic urethral catheters. J.Urol;158:425,1997 9. Herschorn, S., Thijissen, A. and Radowski, S.B: The value of immediate or early catheterization of the traumatized posterior urethra J.Urol.,148:1428,1992 10. Vladimir B.Moura viev,Michael Coburn and Ricard A. Santucci: The treatment of posterior urethral disruption associated with pelvic fracture.comparative experience of early realignment versus delayed Urethroplasty. J.Urol.,173:876,2005 11. Mehdi Salehipour, Abdolaziz Khezri, Rashid Askar, Parham Masoudi: Primary realignment of posterior urethral rupture.Urology.2005:2:211-215 12. Miguel.L.Pedesta, Ricardo Medel., Roberto Castera and Adolfo Ruarte: Immediate management of posterior urethral disruption due to pelvic fracture. Therapeutic alternatives. J.Urol.157:1444,1997